牙輪鉆頭的選型及分類法
牙輪鉆頭選型的原則(ze)及應考(kao)慮的問題(ti):
地層(ceng)的軟(ruan)硬(ying)程度和研磨(mo)性。鉆(zhan)(zhan)進井(jing)段的深淺。易斜地層(ceng)。軟(ruan)硬(ying)交錯地層(ceng)。選用(yong)的鉆(zhan)(zhan)頭對所要鉆(zhan)(zhan)的地層(ceng)是否合適(shi),要經過實踐(jian)的檢驗才能下結(jie)論。 關于(yu)同一(yi)地層(ceng)使用(yong)過的幾(ji)種類型的鉆(zhan)(zhan)頭,在確保井(jing)身質量(liang)的前提(ti)下,一(yi)般以“每米成本(ben)”作為評價鉆(zhan)(zhan)頭選型是否合理的規范。
IADC牙輪(lun)鉆(zhan)(zhan)頭分類方(fang)法及編(bian)號:IADC規則,每一類鉆(zhan)(zhan)頭用四位字碼(ma)進行(xing)分類及編(bian)號,各字碼(ma)的含義(yi)如下: 第 一位字碼(ma)為系列代號,用數(shu)字1~8別離表(biao)明八個系列,表(biao)明鉆(zhan)(zhan)頭牙齒特 征及所適用的地(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng):銑(xian)齒,低(di)抗(kang)壓(ya)強(qiang)度(du)高(gao)可(ke)鉆(zhan)(zhan)性(xing)(xing)的軟(ruan)地(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng);銑(xian)齒,高(gao)抗(kang)壓(ya)強(qiang)度(du)的中到中硬(ying)地(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng);銑(xian)齒,中等研(yan)磨(mo)性(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)研(yan)磨(mo)性(xing)(xing)的硬(ying)地(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng);鑲齒,低(di)抗(kang)壓(ya)強(qiang)度(du)高(gao)可(ke)鉆(zhan)(zhan)性(xing)(xing)的軟(ruan)地(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng);鑲齒,低(di)抗(kang)壓(ya)強(qiang)度(du)的軟(ruan)到中硬(ying)地(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng);鑲齒,高(gao)抗(kang)壓(ya)強(qiang)度(du)的中硬(ying)地(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng);鑲齒,中等研(yan)磨(mo)性(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)研(yan)磨(mo)性(xing)(xing)的硬(ying)地(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng);鑲齒,高(gao)研(yan)磨(mo)性(xing)(xing)的很硬(ying)地(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。
第 二位(wei)字(zi)碼為巖性等級代號(hao),用數字(zi)1~4別離表(biao)明在第 一位(wei)數碼表(biao)明的(de)鉆(zhan)頭(tou)(tou)所適(shi)用的(de)地層中再依次從軟到硬分為四個等級。第三位(wei)字(zi)碼為鉆(zhan)頭(tou)(tou)結(jie)構特(te)征(zheng)代號(hao),用數字(zi)1~9計(ji)九個數字(zi)表(biao)明,其中1~7表(biao)明鉆(zhan)頭(tou)(tou)軸承(cheng)及(ji)保徑特(te)征(zheng),8與9留待(dai)未來的(de)新(xin)結(jie)構特(te)征(zheng)鉆(zhan)頭(tou)(tou)用。
1~7表(biao)明的含義如下:1:非密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)承;2:空氣清洗(xi)、冷 卻,滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)承;3:滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)承,保徑(jing);4:滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)、密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)軸(zhou)承;5:滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)、密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)軸(zhou)承,保徑(jing);6:滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)、密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)軸(zhou)承;7:滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)、密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)軸(zhou)承,保徑(jing)。